isomers such as ortho-, meta- & para-xylene) Assumptions ĭewpoint & Bubblepoint Calculations with Raoult’s Law FIND GIVEN BUBL P: Calculate and Pįor binary systems to solve for bubblepoint calculation (T is given) 2 3
Valid only if the species are chemically similar (size, same chemical nature e.g.
Applicable for low to moderate pressure.
10.1 – Shows the P-T-composition surfaces of equilibrium states of saturated V & saturated L of a binary system
As pressure reduces, more & more L vaporizes until completed at W point where last drop of L (dew) disappear – dew point: a point when a vapor forms the first droplet of liquid and begins to condense Fig.
Liquid at F, reduces pressure at constant T & composition along FG, the first bubble appear at L – bubble point: a point when a liquid forms the first bubble of vapor and begins to evaporate.
contact to each other in a closed location.
takes place when liquid and vapor are allowed to.
e.g: mixture of liquid and vapor at an equilibrium.
Binary mixture: Mixture that contains two constituents.
rate of evaporation (liquid → vapor) =.
A condition where a liquid phase and vapor phase.
VLE: State of coexistence of L & V phases.
The T, P, composition reaches final value which will remain fixed: equilibrium THE NATURE OF EQUILIBRIUM Equilibrium : A static condition in which no changes occur in the macroscopic properties of a system with time.
Measures of composition VLE : Qualitative behavior Simple Models for VLE - Raoult’s Law - Dewpoint& Bubblepoint Calculations with Raoult’s Law - Henry’s Law VLE by modified Raoult’s law VLE from K-value correlations.
PTT 201/4THERMODYNAMICS SEM 1 (2013/2014) Vapor/Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) Solution Thermodynamic:Ĭhapter Outline (Smith) Nature of Equilibrium